The power of the cell can be obtained by multiplying the cell s voltage and. In these measurements you treat the solar cell as a diode. Mar 25, 2015 the photovoltaic effect was experimentally demonstrated first by french physicist edmond becquerel q. Analysis of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic single. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function. The cells are tested under varying resistance loads and varying light levels. Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics apparatus. Measured currentvoltage characteristics of a high efficiency silicon solar cell.
Solar cell a diode a solar cell is a diode and hence an iv curve of a solar cell under dark conditions will look similar to that of a diode. To draw the iv characteristics of a solar cell and to. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. Standardized testing allows the comparison of devices manufactured at different companies and laboratories with different technologies to be compared. Optimisation of photovoltaicpowered electrolysis for hydrogen. I study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different frequencies ii study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by sun, at different frequencies theory.
A typical iv curve for a 12 v module is shown at fig. Intensity dependence of currentvoltage characteristics. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. Solar cells are usually coated with antireflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. Analysis of the currentvoltage characteristic of solar cells. The fill factor ff is sensitive to the thickness of a calcium layer between the bhj layer and the al cathode. The most fundamental of solar cell characterization techniques is the measurement of cell efficiency. The opencircuit voltage corresponds to the amount of forward bias on the solar cell due to the bias of the solar cell junction with the lightgenerated current.
An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a silicon. Iv, cv and ac impedance techniques and characterizations. From figure 1, it is clear that the current i that flows to the external circuit is i isc aebv 1. Feb 19, 2017 procedure sheet for the experiment solar cell 1. Simplified iv characteristic tester for photovoltaic modules using a. Tests on solar cells and solar arrays can be split into three types. Experimental analysis of solar pv characteristics under standard condition. To do this, record two further characteristic curves, changing the distance between the lamp and the solar module e. A solar cell is a semiconductor pn junction diode as shown in figure 1.
In essence, a photovoltaic solar cell will produce current depending on the load attached to it. Solar cells iv characteristic exp 7 solar cells iv characteristic. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31st, 2014 page 1 of 27 report details choose any of the solar stations, but take your measurements only when the short circuit current is at least 3. The voltage for maximumpanelpower output is usually about 1617 v. Find the current and voltage response under illumination depending on the magnitude of the variable resistance. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic solar panels swr 18 feb 20 overview. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic. Using a diode factor between the values 1 and 5 may give a more accurate description of the solar cell characteristics. Position the cell face down so that it is not exposed to light. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a silicon solar cell. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell.
The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. May 15, 2018 characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell may 15, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. Solar panels characteristics current, voltage and power curves of a solar pv panel. The iv curves were measured in a solar simulator with an estimated uncertainty of 5% in the measurement. Solar cell iv characteristic and the solar iv curves. Voltagecurrent i v characteristics and output parameters of solar cell was measured. The operation of a photovoltaic pv cell requires 3. However, that scenario is not often the case, such as when one is trying to measure the iv curve of a cdte solar cell and the only available reference cell is. Solar cells are characterized using a voltage current curve. Solar v cell i use the flux meter to determine the input intensities be sure you understand the scale. To plot the v i characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. The out put characteristic current voltage characteristics of a solar cell is shown.
Solar cell characterization apparatus iv characteristics. In this video we will study the characteristics of solar cell. An experiment to measure the characteristics of a silicon. The photovoltaic effect was experimentally demonstrated first by french physicist edmond becquerel q.
The opencircuit voltage is shown on the iv curve below. From the characteristics of solar cell is obvious that if the current through the solar cell increases the voltage it can generate decreases and the voltage generated at that particular current will be less than v oc. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, i v characteristics version january 31, 2012 page 4 of 29 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 maximum power as seen in bottom figure of figure 3, panels have a maximum power point. Todd kaiser montana state university solar cell lab manual july 2009 this manual was designed for use with the montana microfabrication facility at montana state university. May 03, 2012 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The solar cell system we developed in this project is dyesensitized solar cell, composed of the tio 2 layer acting as the electron carrier and the organic dye layer acting. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the. Investigation of light intensity solar cells are based on. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. Experiments with pv cells uo solar radiation monitoring. To study the characteristics of solar cell to study the.
Figure 5 currentvoltage iv curves at various illumination levels. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels of insolation, and the identification of the equivalent circuit. Short circuit current, isc, flows with zero external resistance v 0 and is the maximum current delivered by the solar cell at any illumination level. Finding the maximum power point for a particular iv curve. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar module. Hoedsc01 is an effective tool for evaluating the characteristics of solar cell. Pv characterization lab purpose in this lab you will measure the current versus voltage for several photovoltaic cells using computer probeware. To assess the behavior of solar cells and solar arrays for a specific space mission or environment, several tests need to be conducted at different hardware levels and phases of a project. The solar cell was fabricated monocrystalline structure with using phosphorus diffusion into a ptype silicon wafer. Current, voltage and power curves a current i versus voltage v curve of a pv solar module a. Use the same methods for obtaining forward and reverse bias characteristics as in the diode experiment series 1. Measurement of short circuit current iesc with biasing the solar cell and compare.
Study of pv and iv characteristics of solar cell in. I study of i v characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different frequencies ii study of i v characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by sun, at different. Solar cells are characterized by their currentvoltage iv characteristic curves. However, that scenario is not often the case, such as when one is trying to measure the iv curve of a cdte solar cell and the only available reference cell is sibased. Similarly, the open circuit voltage, voc, is the potential that develops across the terminals of the solar cell when the external load resistance is very large figure 3. Setup for determining the characteristics of a solar module. Apparatus for characteristic study of solar cell model no. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31, 2012 page 2 of 29 diode current aebv 1 comes from the standard iv equation for a diode, plotted above. An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar.
A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with. It is also clearly evident from the figure that the dark characteristics is similar to the diode characteristics turned upside. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. If the reference cell has very similar characteristics e. Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. I have also found some information through the internet about this effect of dust buildup on the efficiency of the panel. To demonstrate the temperature effect, blow hot air over thesolar cell and measure the.
An example of the influence of solar irradiation on a solar cell is given below. Repeat the experiment for different values of lamp voltage say150, 200. Iva curve shows the possible combinations of its current and voltage outputs. Analysis of electrical characteristics of photovoltaic. Effect of series resistance on the iv characteristic of a solar cell. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot iv characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31st, 2014 page 3 of 27 yield panel voc.
Find the current and voltage response under illumination. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab. The voltage is ramped linearly or in staircase mode from the open circuit value voc to the short circuit voltage vsc and the generated current is measured. Characteristics of solar cell fill factor experiment youtube. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels. To obtain of solar cell i v characteristics, sample was illuminated by. The working of a solar cell solely depends upon its photovoltaic effect hence a solar cell also known as photovoltaic cell. Effects of temperature and internal resistances on cell efficiency 7. In practice, when a load is present a potential difference develops between the terminals of the cell. Pdf photovoltaic cell and module iv characteristic.
A lowcost laboratory experiment to generate the iv characteristic. Measurement of solar cell efficiency the most fundamental of solar cell characterization techniques is the measurement of cell efficiency. Short circuit current, which is the maximum current a cell can give open circuit voltage,which is the maximum voltage a cell can have efficiency fill factor which is the ratio of maximum power by the. Sorry i am not a chemist, but need a simple references or explanation about what is the advantageand disadvantage of choosing dmso or dmf when fabricating a perovskite solar cell. When illuminated, the photons interact with the material to generate electron hole pairs. The details of each of the three processes are beyond the scope of this manual. We describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the i v characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor and light conversion efficiency.
The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is. Illuminating a cell adds to the normal dark currents in the diode so that the diode law becomes. Hence the operating point is characterized by i op, v op where i op i sc, v op v oc. Solar cells are a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics such as current, voltage, or resistance vary when exposed to light. Photovoltaic pv generation is a popular use of solar radiation. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the net current is reduced from its short circuit value. The circuit allows the electrons to flow to the electronpoor back of the cell from the electronrich front of the cell. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels of.
Photovoltaic powered electrolysis hydrogen production system. An understanding of the performance of a solar cell device can be gleaned with the iv characterization technique. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot i v characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment. Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances. We describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the iv characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor and light conversion efficiency. Photovoltaic panels are oriented to maximize the use of the suns light, and the system angles can be. The iv curves measured at stc were used to obtain device performance parameters and to identify possible problems such as the presence of parasitic resistances. The same conclusion arises from figure 6, where the relative err or has been plotted. The applied voltage is in the forward bias direction. To demonstrate the temperature effect, blow hot air over thesolar cell and measure the temperatu re directly in front of it with a thermometer.
The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficien. Ee462l, power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics. To test this, make sure the solar panel switch at the yellow lab station is off. In a second measuring cycle the series resistance and the diffusion current term of the cell are determined in a similar way. The shortcircuit current isc is directly proportional to the amount solar. If the solar cell is open circuited, then all of the isc flows through the. Pc 71 bm bulk heterojunction bhj solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 8. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon solar cell. Be sure that your data will allow you to obtain graphs of the iv characteristic curve for the photovoltaic cell and the output power as a function of load resistance. The presented method is a relative simple and lowcost analysis and it allows a quick and accurate online determination of the parameters of the currentvoltage characteristic, especially for silicon solar cells. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations, physics fun, puzzle and many more of the physics. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by thephotovoltaic effect. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity.
In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell. The physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel. This experiment will offer a deeper analysis into the relationship between solar panel efficiency and dust buildup. The sequence is a simple set of repeating steps including oxidation, etching, diffusion, cleaning and patterning. Depending upon the parameter of interest, the iv characteristics are. The field performance of photovoltaic solar panels can be characterized by measuring the relationship between panel voltage, current, and power output under differing environmental conditions and panel orientation. The iv curve of a solar cell is the superposition of the iv curve of the solar cell diode in the dark with the lightgenerated current. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab pawan kumar srivastva,hemant kumar soni,naresh kumar. Pdf the aim of this work was to introduce new ways to model the iv characteristic of a photovoltaic pv cell or pv module using straight lines and. The shortcircuit current isc is directly proportional to the amount solar insolation received.
Study of pv and iv characteristics of solar cell in matlab simulink navdeep singh1 and arvind goswami2 1m. In order to determine the efficiency of the photocell, you will need to know its dimensions. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations. Measure the solar cell iv characteristic in dark using agilent u2722a source measure unit. You can determine the influence of light intensity on the power of the solar module. Abstract a matlab programming for the solar pv cell, modules and array is developed and presented in this dissertation. The objective of this lab activity is to study and measure the output voltage and current characteristics of a photovoltaic solar panel and develop an equivalent electrical model for use in computer simulation.
Be sure that your data will allow you to obtain graphs of the i v characteristic curve for the photovoltaic cell and the output power as a function of load resistance. Individual solar cells can be combined to form modules commonly known as solar. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. Characteristics of photovoltaic solar cells analog.
In this experiment we are used cells are connected in series. To suppress the influence of the temperature on the characteristics of the solar cell, keep it at room temperature with the aid of the cold air blower during the experiment. Pdf experimental analysis of solar pv characteristics under. The change of iv characteristics of a pv module with shaded pv cells is discussed by the shift of the avalanche. Solar cells produce direct current dc electricity and an inverter can. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a. Jul 28, 2017 the physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel.
Jan 31, 2012 the opencircuit voltage, voc, is the maximum voltage available from a solar cell, and this occurs at zero current. A typical iv curve and power curve of a solar cell fig 4. Hence the operating point is characterized by i op, v op where i op solar cell sc based on multistacked differentsized ingan qds on gan substrate. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using. Using photovoltaic cells also called solar cells, solar energy can be converted into electricity. At a distance of 20 cm the solar module must only be illuminated for the duration of the experiment. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right figure 1.
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